Health concerns in welding industry

Welding is an important process used in the iron based industries. About two percent of the working population is engaged in some type of welding. The procedure of welding is simple but its health implications are complex. Welding generates enormous amounts of gases and metal fumes. Depending on the substrate and welding type, the composition of resultant gases and fumes changes. Therefore, welders are exposed to a number of complex mixtures of compounds which pose a serious threat to their health. Various studies have shown the effect of welding process on the health of the workers. These studies include the analysis of blood and urine for different parameters like micronucleus test, comet assay, trace metal analysis (Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn etc.), chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. These studies give evidences about the serious occupational risk posed to the welders which should be minimized using personal protection equipments.